DRAINAGE PATTERNS

                                     DRAINAGE  PATTERNS 

 Terlis  drainage pattern

 Dendritic  drainage pattern

 Radial  drainage pattern

 Rectangular  drainage pattern

 Parallel  drainage pattern

                                             TERLIS DRAINAGE PATTERN

                                   When the primary tributaries of the rivers flow parallel to each other & secondary tributaries join tham at right angles ,the pattern known as “Terlis”.

A terlis drainage pattern devlopes where hard & soft rocks lie parallel to each other.

The terlis drainage pattern can also be see in Appalachian region of the u.s.a where hard & soft rocks occur in parallel bands .

 

                         Chota Nagpur, plateau in eastern India, in northwestern Chhattisgarh and central Jharkhand states. The plateau is composed of Precambrian rocks (i.e., rocks more than about 540 million years old). Chota Nagpur is the collective name for the Ranchi, Hazaribagh, and Kodarma plateaus, which collectively have an area of 25,293 square miles (65,509 square km). Its largest division is the Ranchi Plateau, which has an average elevation of about 2,300 feet (700 metres) 

                                                 DENDRITIC DRAINAGE PATTERN 

 

                                  The dendritic pattern develops where the river channel follows the slope of the terrain.

The drainage pattern resembling the branches of a tree is known as “dendritic”.

It is the most common stream pattern a dendritic pattern devlopes in a terrain  which has uniform lithology ,and where faulting & jointing are significant 

                              

  

Location:- The Bighorns are located in North-central Wyoming       and South-central Montana, centered on the high mountains of the Bighorns and adjacent Pryor Ranges, and extends to include the foothills of these ranges.Size:- The landscape encompasses a total of 5,353,790 acres: 4,116,119 acres in Wyoming and 1,237,671 acres in Montana.

RADIAL DRAINAGE PATTERN

 

The radial pattern devlopes when strems flow in different directions from a central or a dome like structure

The rivers like the narmada ,son&Mahanadi originating from maikal hills flow in different directions and are good example of radial pattern

Radial drainage pattern are also found in the girnar hills [kathiwar,Gujarat] and mikir hills of assam

Mount Taranaki, also known as Mount Egmont, on the west coast of New Zealand's North Island, is said to be one of the most symmetrical volcanic cone in the world 

 The volcano was born 120,000 years ago and erupted last in 1775, but it’s not done yet. 

The volcano is located at the center of the nearly circular Egmont National Park, whose boundary appears as a dark green circle in satellite and other high-altitude pictures, because of the difference in vegetation between inside and outside the park. 

RECTANGULAR DRAINAGE PATTERN

In this drainage both the main strem and its tributaries show right angled bends 

A rectangular drainage pattern devlopes on a strongly jointed rocky terrain

It differs from terlis pattern drainage since it is more irregular ,and it is tributary strems are not as long or as parallel as in terlis drainage 

The western end of the Vindhya range is located in the state of Gujarat, near the state's border with Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, at the eastern side of the Gujarat peninsula. A series of hills connects the Vindhya extension to the Aravalli Range near Champaner. The Vindhya range rises in height east of Chhota Udaipur

The principal Vindhya range forms the southern escarpment of the Central Indian upland. It runs roughly parallel to the Naramada river in the east-west direction.

The eastern portion of the Vindhyas comprises multiple chains, as the range divides into branches east of Malwa. A southern chain of Vindhyas runs between the upper reaches of the Son and Narmada rivers to meet the Satpura Range in the Maikal Hills near Amarkantak.

 

PARALLEL DRAINAGE PATTERN

The parallel drainage in which the rivers flow almost parallel to each other is known as “parallel drainage”.

The small & swift rivers originating in the western ghats & discharging their water into the arabian sea provide a good example of parallel drainage pattern in

Kenya’s drainage pattern originated when a large oval dome of rock arose in the west-central part of the country and created the Central Rift. This dome produced a primeval watershed from which rivers once drained eastward to the Indian Ocean and westward to the Congo River system and the Atlantic Ocean. Still following this ancient pattern are the Tana and Galana rivers, which rise in the eastern highlands and flow roughly southeast to the Indian Ocean. 

There are no major groundwater basins, and, apart from the Tana River, most of the rivers in Kenya are short and often disappear during the dry season. Lake Victoria, with a surface area of 26,828 square miles (69,484 square km), is the largest lake in Africa, the second largest freshwater body in the world, and a major reservoir of the Nile River. 

.